1. • Symptoms: Fever, chills, cough, muscle aches, and difficulty breathing.
   • Transmission: Mainly spread through inhalation of dust from droppings or feathers, especially in pet birds.
   • Prevention: Regularly clean bird cages and ensure proper ventilation in bird habitats.

2. Histoplasmosis

   • Symptoms: Respiratory issues such as cough, fever, and chest pain.
   • Transmission: Fungal spores in bird droppings, especially from pigeons, can infect humans through airborne particles.
   • Prevention: Avoid disturbing bird droppings and wear protective gear when cleaning large roosting sites.

3. Salmonellosis

   • Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.
   • Transmission: Contact with contaminated bird droppings, surfaces, or undercooked poultry.
   • Prevention: Wash hands thoroughly after handling birds or cleaning bird feeders, and cook poultry to safe temperatures.

4. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

   • Symptoms: Fever, cough, sore throat, and sometimes severe respiratory distress.
   • Transmission: Direct contact with infected birds, especially poultry, or contaminated environments.
   • Prevention: Avoid close contact with sick or dead birds and ensure biosecurity measures in poultry farms.

5. Cryptococcosis

   • Symptoms: Headache, fever, blurred vision, and respiratory issues.
   • Transmission: Fungal spores from pigeon droppings, particularly in urban environments.
   • Prevention: Avoid areas with high accumulations of bird droppings and wear masks when cleaning affected sites.

6. West Nile Virus

   • Symptoms: Fever, headache, body aches, and sometimes severe neurological effects.
   • Transmission: Birds are primary hosts, with the virus spreading to humans via mosquito bites.
   • Prevention: Control mosquito populations around bird habitats and use mosquito repellents when outdoors.

7. E. coli Infection

   • Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
   • Transmission: Through contact with contaminated bird droppings or improperly handled poultry.
   • Prevention: Maintain hygiene when handling birds and always wash hands after contact.

8. Newcastle Disease

   • Symptoms: Eye redness, cough, fever, and in rare cases, severe respiratory distress.
   • Transmission: Close contact with infected birds, primarily affecting poultry handlers.
   • Prevention: Practice proper biosecurity measures in poultry handling and avoid contact with sick birds.

9. Campylobacteriosis

   • Symptoms: Diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and fever.
   • Transmission: Contact with infected bird droppings or undercooked poultry.
   • Prevention: Cook poultry to safe temperatures and maintain hand hygiene.

10. Avian Tuberculosis

    • Symptoms: Fatigue, weight loss, fever, and persistent cough.
    • Transmission: Inhalation of particles from infected bird environments.
    • Prevention: Regularly clean bird environments and use masks in enclosed aviary spaces.

Key Prevention Strategies

• Personal Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling birds, cleaning cages, or coming into contact with droppings.
• Ventilation: Ensure bird habitats are well-ventilated to reduce airborne particle exposure.
• Protective Gear: Use masks, gloves, and other protective gear when cleaning bird droppings, especially in enclosed spaces.
• Biosecurity: Practice strict hygiene and isolation measures in poultry farms to prevent the spread of infections.
• Mosquito Control: Limit mosquito breeding grounds near bird habitats to reduce the risk of diseases spread by mosquitoes.

Conclusion

Understanding the diseases linked to birds can help prevent potential health risks. With proper hygiene, ventilation, and protective measures, you can safely enjoy the benefits of bird interaction while minimizing exposure to bird-related diseases.